Giving and asking for directions have become part of our daily lives. It’s either one is giving or asking for directions. Somebody can give or ask for directions when one gets lost, creating ideas, building crafts, or other aspects of life.
| ụzọ ije | Foot path | ||
| Aka nri | Right | ||
| Gaa azu obere | Go backward a little | ||
| Gaa ihu obere | Go forward a little | ||
| Gafee | To pass | ||
| Gbafee | To run and cross | ||
| Gosi m | Show/direct me | ||
| O di nso | It is close | ||
| O dighi nso | It is not close | ||
| O te aka | It is far | ||
| O teghi aka | It is not far | ||
| Odida anyanwu | West | ||
| Ogologo | Straight/long | ||
| Okporo ụzọ | High way | ||
| Owuwa anyanwu | East | ||
| Rutere | Reach destination | ||
| Tugaria azu | U-turn | ||
| Tugharia | Turn | ||
| Tugharia aka ekpe | Turn left | ||
| Ugwu | Mountain | ||
| ụzọ | way/road | ||
| Uzo agaghi ebe obula | Dead end | ||
| ụzọ gbara anọ | Four way intersection | ||
| ụzọ gbara mkpị | Junction |
| question | Kedu ebe i na-aga? | Where are you going? | |
| answer | M na-aga Aniọch | I am going to aniocha | |
| QUestion | ị na-aga Aba? | Are you going to Aba? | |
| Answer | Mba, m naghi aga Aba | No i am not going to Aba | |
| Question | ị na-aga Aniọcha? | Are you going to Aniocha? | |
| Answer | Eee, m na-aga Aniọcha | Yes i am going to Aniocha |
(a) ADVERBS (Nkwuwa)
Any word which modifies a verb is an adverb. Most Igbo adverbs are derived from nouns, phrases and even sentences. Let’s look at some of these adverbs.
1. Adverbs of time
2. Adverbs of location
3. Adverbs of manner
4. Adverbs of interrogation
5. Adverbs of cause or reason
6. Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of time.
kwa – every
ọzọ - again
ugbua – now
echi – tomorrow
taa – today
unyahu/echi gara aga – yesterday
oge nile/mgbe ọbula – everytime
mgbe nile/ oge ọbula – everytime
mgbe ahu – that time
tupu – before
Adverbs of location
n’ime – inside
ebe a – here
n’elu – on top/above
nso – near
na okpuru – under
na akụkụ - beside/by
na ihu – before/in front
1. Ọ nọ n’ime ụlọ.
2. Bia ebe a.
3. Chineke nọ n’elu.
4. Nọrọ m nso.
5. Ọ di n’okpuru oche.
6. O si na akụkụ m gaa.
7. Ọ kwụ n’ihu m.
Adverbs of manner
nke ọma – well
na ezie – truly
ka – how
ngwa ngwa – quickly
otu a – how
nwayọọ - gently/slowly/softly
ọsọsọ - fast
1. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ahụ nke ọma.
2. Na ezie, i bụ ezigbo mmadu.
3. Kedu ka anyi ga esi mee ya.
4. Bia ngwa ngwa.
5. Otu a ka anyị chọrọ ya.
6. Were nwayọọ jide ya.
7. Jee ọsọsọ hụ ya.
Adverbs of interrogation
kedu – how
gini – what
olee – how/what/where
añaa/ọlia – how
maka gịnị - why
gini mere – why/what happened
1. Kedụ ka i mere?
2. Gịnị ka ọ na-achọ?
3. Olee ebe anyi nọ?
4. O mere añaa?
5. Ha si añaa mee ya?
6. Gịnị mere na unu abiaghi?
Adverbs of cause or reason
na ihi – because
maka – for/because
1. Na ihi ihe mere, ka o ji laa.
2. Ọ zara maka na m kpọrọ ya.
3. Maka ya ka o ji hapu anyi.
Adverbs of quantity
ọtụtụ - plenty/many
nnukwu – too much/plentiful
igwe – in group/very many
ukwu – much
1. O nwere ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala.
2. Ha hụrụ igwe mmadu.
AJỤJỤ (Questions)
1. Site na ikparita ụka nke di na elu, kedu ebe Uju chọrọ iga?
2. Onye gosiri ya ụzọ?
3. Gini ka Uju gwara onye ahu mgbe o gosichara ya ụzọ?
4. Kedu ihe imaatụ Obi nyere Uju iji maziri ya ụzọ?
5. Kedu ka Obi di uju mgbe Obi gosichara ya ụzọ?
1. Read the following sentences carefully. Note the use of the underlined adverbs and make two similar sentences for each of these adverbs.
a) Ọ na-abia kwa ụbọchi.
b) Anyi na eche ya echi.
c) O mere ya ọzọ.
d) Anyi na eri nri oge nile.
e) Ọ biara mgbe ahụ.
f) Ha gbara ọsọ unyahụ/echi gara aga.
g) Obi jere ahia taa.
h) Mee ya ugbu a.
2. Write a dialog between two people: one needs to get somewhere and the other gives directions.
3. Make five sentences each with the above adverbs. Do not use the examples already provided.
Article XXIII.
Article XXIV. 4. Make five sentences with descriptive adjectives.
5. Write seven sentences with the interrogative adjective.
6. Make six sentences each with the numerical adjective and demonstrative adjective.
7. Write out the adverb in the sentences below:
a) Udoka gara ahia ahụ ọsịịsọ.______________
b) Adakụ na-agba egwu mgbe nile. _____________
c) O gara ngwa ngwa nye ya akwụkwọ. _______________
d) Akwụkwọ me di na okpuru oche. ______________
e) Nwanyi ahụ na-aga ije nwanyọọ nwanyọọ. ______________
f) Ha gara ụlọ ya ọzọ.________________
g) O nọ na ihu m.______________
h) Kedu ihe o mere gi?_____________
i) Out a ka ha chọrọ ya._____________
j) O na-abia kwa ụbọchi. _________________
8. Underline the adverb. Write it on the line.
a) Ha ga-abia echi. ___________
b) Ada jere ahia kita. ____________
c) Ulọ m di nso na ụlọ ya. ____________
d) Nnụnụ nọ na elu. ____________
e) Bia ebe a ọsịsọ. ___________
f) Gaa ebe ahụ nwanyọọ. ______________
g) Kedụ ihe ị na-eme? ____________
h) O biara maka ọ chọrọ. ____________
i) O new ọtụtụ ụlọ na Lagos. ____________
j) Ha mara mma nke ukwu. ____________
Article XXV.
9. Circle the adverb in this gallery.
ọzo, ụlọ, echi, akwa, ugbua, kita, oche
tupu, mara, kwa, iri, ozo, mgbe ahụ, gara, ebe a, ida
nri, n’ime, tiri, n’elu, ọsịsọ, ada, otu a, bia, nso
obi, kedu, gini, gburu, ewu, maka gini, maka, nne, oche
ọtụtụ, gini mere, akwukwọ, nnukwu, ehi, ukwu
10. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adverb.
a) O biara _______ (ha, ọsịsọ, ụlọ, gị, gara).
b) O riri nri _______ (egwusi, ọkụkọ, taa, puff-puff).
c) Ha nọ _________ oche (mgbe, nile, n’elu, nke ọma, out a).
d) Anyi ga abia _______ (ka, otu a, echi, jere).
e) Ada biara _______ Obi kpọrọ ya (anaa, gini, maka, igwe)
f) _______ mmadụ gara ebe ahụ (kedu, ọsisọ, ọtụtọ, gini)
g) Ulọ ya di _______ ụlọ ma (ebe a, n’ihu, nwanyọọ, oge).
h) Nneka na-agba ọsọ ________ (oge nile, nọrọ, bia, nri).
i) Akpa m di________ ụlọ (n’okpuru, n’ezie, nke ọma, ka).
j) Ha hụrụ ________ mmadu na agba ọsọ _______.
(n’elu, ọtụtụ, igwe, ọsịsọ, nwayọọ, ka, ngwa-ngwa, maka)
