EWIEM HO NSɛM (ABOUT THE WEATHER)

Objective
After working your way through this chapter you must be able to 1. Talk about the weather condition of the day 2. Listen to a description of a weather condition and take the necessary precaution 3. Use determiners appropriately
Introduction

Ghana has a tropical climate but temperatures vary with season and elevation. The weather in Ghana is really hot but rarely humid. This makes it comfortable even when it is hot. There are two main seasons. These are the dry and wet/rainy seasons. The two rainy seasons are from April to July and from September to November. It does not raining heavily in the northern part of Ghana. The rainy season starts approximately from September to November. The southwest monsoon winds bring rains to Ghana while the north-east trade winds bring dry season to the country. There is the dry harmattan period from December to March. The wind blowing during this period is dry and dusty. It makes the body very dry. The harmattan lowers the humidity level and creates hot days and cold nights especially in the northern part of Ghana.

Lesson Vocabulary

Lesson Vocabulary

Agradaa lightening
Ahuhuro Warmth
Asukyerɛma Snow
Asukɔtwea Ice rain
Asusɔbere Rainy season
Awɔ Cold
Bosome/ɔsram Moon
Ewiem nsakraeɛ Weather changes (conditions)
Mframa Wind
Mmotia mframa Tornado
Munumkum Cloud
Nsoroma Stars
Nyankontɔn Rainbow
ɛwiem hyɛ/awɔ Temperature

Lesson Conversation:

Akwasi Kwaku mema wo akye. Na ɛda he? ?
Kwaku Yaa onua. Na wontee asɛm a reba? ?
Akwasi Asɛm bεn reba? Mentee hwee ?
Kwaku Yɛse osu bɛtɔ nnansa. Mframa kɛseɛ bi so bɛtu. Yɛse mma obiara mpue ɔkyena enti merekɔtɔ aduane ?
Akwasi Wiase bɛsɛe anaa? ?
Kwaku Yɛse osu bɛtɔ na ahum nso bɛtu ?
Akwasi Na ɔpɛbere nso osu tɔ? Wei deɛ wɔboa ?
Kwaku ɛnti wonnim sɛ wiase asesa ma nnoɔma pii nso asesa? ?
Akwasi ɛyɛ nokorɛ. Kwaeɛ nyina adane ɛsrɛ. Asubɔnten nyina awewe. ?
Kwaku Ewiem ɔhwɛsofoɔ no se ahum no ano bɛyɛ den enti Nipa biara mmobɔ ne mpoma akyi yie. ?
Akwasi Me dan no de ɛyɛ “mframa prufo” enti mensuro hwee. ?
Kwaku Wose wonsuro hwee? Yɛse mmoatia mframa btu. ?
Akwasi Mmotia mframa deɛ ano yɛ den paa. Me nso merekɔhwehwɛ aduane atɔ. ?
Kwaku Me nso mehia nnuane ne nnuro. Merekɔtɔ bi ?
Akwasi εwɔ sε yεbɔ nnoɔma a atwa yεn ho ahyia ho ban ?
Kwaku εyε ampa ?
Akwasi Yεbεhyia ?
Kwaku Yoo! ?

Lesson Monologue

Asɛnka (Monologue): A meteorologist talks about the weather conditions for the next

Atiefoɔ, mema mo akye. ɛyɛ me Kwame Obeng na merekasa yi.

Image removed.ɔkye<p><br />
Nkabɔmde&epsilon; (ntoasoɔ) &ndash; Subordinating Conjunctions (continued) In our previous lesson we discussed coordinating conjunctions. In this unit, we will discuss subordinating conjunctions. A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate clause and a main clause. Such clauses are usually introduced by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. Its meaning depends on the rest of the sentence (main clause). It can not express a complete thought until it is joined with the main clause. It must always be attached to a main clause to complete the meaning. The following are some examples of subordinating conjunctions: s&epsilon; (that), gye s&epsilon; (until), ma, kansa &hellip; (mpo) a, (if even), ansa (before), s&epsilon; &hellip; a, (if) etc. In the examples below, the subordinate clauses are underlined/italized and the subordinating conjunction blocked. The main clauses are left unmarked. 1. s&epsilon; (that): This conjunction ends the subordinate clause which initiates the sentence. The main clause always follows the conjunction. Nhw&epsilon;soɔ: a. ɔkaa s&epsilon; ɔmmɔ abusua. (He said that he does not belong to a family) b. Kofi baa s&epsilon; ɔb&epsilon;di fufu. (Kofi came that he will eat fufu). c. Abofra no suu s&epsilon; ɔb&epsilon;kɔ California. (The child cried that he will go to California) d. Mmaa no kaa s&epsilon; wɔb&epsilon;kɔ dwaso. (The women said that they will go to market) e. Charles kaa s&epsilon; ɔnkɔ Ghana. (Charles said that he will not go to Ghana) 2. s&epsilon; &hellip; a, (if/when): This conjunction is the condition clause in conditional sentences. They can occur at the beginning or end of the sentence. In some cases the s&epsilon; is omitted as in sentences d and e below. The a always occurs immediately followed by a comma. Nhw&epsilon;soɔ: a. S&epsilon; Kofi ba a, y&epsilon;b&epsilon;kɔ New York. (If Kofi comes, we will go to New York) b. M&epsilon;hw&epsilon; me papa, s&epsilon; ɔhw&epsilon; me a. (I will care for my father if he cares for me) c. S&epsilon; woma me sika a, m&epsilon;kɔ. (If you give me money, I will go) d. Mesua Twi a, m&epsilon;kɔ Ghana. (If I learn Twi, I will go to Ghana) e. Me maame ba a, y&epsilon;b&epsilon;di fufu. (If my mother comes we will eat fufu) 3. gye s&epsilon; (unless/until) Nhw&epsilon;soɔ: a. Menkɔ Ghana gye s&epsilon; menya sika pii. (I will not go to Ghana unless I get a lot of money) b. Asuafoɔ no rensua Twi gye s&epsilon; Charles ba. (The students will not learn Twi unless Charles comes) c. Memfi ha gye s&epsilon; mahu Twi tikya (I will not leave here unless I see the Twi teacher) d. Menkɔ fie gye s&epsilon; abofra no da (I will not go home unless the child sleeps) e. Ghanafoɔ rento aba gye s&epsilon; amany&epsilon;kuofo y&epsilon; adepa (Ghanaians will not vote unless political parties do what is good) Note: in these types of sentences, the second part cannot be flipped to the initial position. When this happens gye s&epsilon; will co-occur with another conjunction ansa na as we will see very soon in this section. 4. ansa (na) (before): This type of conjunction is used to join two clauses (main and subordinate) indicating two actions with one occurring before the other. The first action is most of the time in the past and the second part in the progressive as in the sentences below. Nhwesoɔ: a. ɔbaa ha ansa y&epsilon;rekɔ (He came here before we went/left) b. Wɔy&epsilon;&epsilon; bɔne pii ansa wɔrenu wɔn ho. (They committed a lot of crime before repenting) c. Asuafo no suaa Twi ansa wɔresua Swahili (The students learned Twi before learning Twi) d. Mmofra no dii fufu ansa wɔrekɔ fie. (The children ate fufu before going home) e. Megyee sika no ansa mereba ha (I got the Money before going home) If it is a habitual occurrence, then this is how the above sentences will look like: a. ba ha ansa y&epsilon;akɔ (He comes here before we go/leave) b. Wy&epsilon; bne pii ansa wɔanu wɔn ho. (They commit a lot of crime before they repent) c. Asuafo no sua Twi ansa wɔasua Swahili (The students learn Twi before they learn Twi) d. Mmofra no di fufu ansa wɔakɔ fie. (The children eat fufu before they go home) e. Megye sika no ansa makɔ hɔ (I get the Money before I go there) 5. gye s&epsilon; &hellip; ansa (na) (unless-before combination) Nhw&epsilon;soɔ: a. Gye s&epsilon; woba ansa mede sika no ama wo (Unless you come before I give you the Money) b. Gye s&epsilon; asuafoɔ ba ansa y&epsilon;akɔ fie (Unless the students come before we go home) c. Gye s&epsilon; osuani no kɔ Ghana ansa ɔasua Twi (Unless the student goes to Ghana before he learns Twi) d. Gye s&epsilon; moba ansa y&epsilon;akɔ (Unless you come before we go) e. Gye s&epsilon; awofoɔ hw&epsilon; wɔn mma ansa wɔn mma ahw&epsilon; wɔn (Unless parents take care of their children before they take care of them) When ansa initiates the sentence there is the introduction of the marker b&epsilon; in the first clause. Examples: a. Ansa y&epsilon;b&epsilon;kɔ Ghana no gye s&epsilon; y&epsilon;sua Twi (Before we go to Ghana (unless) we learn Twi) b. Ansa osuani no b&epsilon;sua Twi gye s&epsilon; ɔsua Swahili (Before the student learns Twi she has to learn Swahili) 6. &epsilon;fi s&epsilon;/&epsilon;firi s&epsilon;/esiane s&epsilon; (because): This conjunction is used to answer the question why? (ad&epsilon;n?). the three conjunctions are used interchangeably. Nhw&epsilon;soɔ: a. ɔkɔɔ ayaresabea &epsilon;firi s&epsilon; ɔyare (He went to the hospital because he is sick) b. Afia b&epsilon;kɔ Ghana &epsilon;firi s&epsilon; ne kunu firi Ghana (Afia will go to Ghana because the husband comes from Ghana) c. Yaa resua Twi &epsilon;firi s&epsilon; ɔp&epsilon; s&epsilon; ɔkɔ Ghana (Yaa is learning Twi because she wants to go to Ghana) d. Menni Am&epsilon;reka nkrataa &epsilon;firi s&epsilon; meny&epsilon; Am&epsilon;rekani (I do not have American papers because I am not an America) e. ɔnka Twi &epsilon;firi s&epsilon; ɔny&epsilon; Ghanani (He does not speak Twi because he is not a Ghanaian) 7. esiane s&epsilon;/&epsilon;firi s&epsilon;/&epsilon;fi s&epsilon; &hellip; enti (because-so combination) Nhwɛsoɔ: a. ɛsiane sɛ asuafoɔ nni Twi nwoma enti kyerɛkyerɛni no yɛɛ bi maa wɔn. (Because the students do not have Twi book (so) the teacher made some for them) b. Esiane sɛ ɔyare enti ɔkɔɔ ayaresabea (Because he was sick (so) he went to hospital) c. Esiane sɛ ɔny adwuma enti ɔnni ska (Because he does not work (so) he hasn&rsquo;t go money) d. Esiane sɛ Kofi nni sika enti ɔankɔ New York (Because Kofi has no money (so) he did not go to New York) e. ɔnni sika enti ɔndi/ɔnni aduane pa ((Because)he hasn&rsquo;t got money (so) he doesn&rsquo;t eat good food) Note: Esiane sɛ can be dropped as in sentence (e). 8. abere a .... no (by the time/when) Nhwɛsoɔ: a. Abere a ɔbae no, na mekɔ dada (By the time he came, I had left already) b. Asuafoɔ resua Twi no, na meredidi (By the time the students were learning, I was eating) c. Meredidi no, na asuafoɔ no resua Twi (By the time I was eating, the students were studying Twi) d. Abere a merekɔ fie no, mehuu ɔwɔ (By the time I was going home, I saw a snake)</p>
na yɛ Benada, ɔbɛnem da a ɛtɔ so dumienu. ɔkyena ewiem

bɛyɛ basabasa kakra. Firi anɔpa nnɔn num kɔsi nnɔn du ewiem

bɛyɛ awɔ paa enti obiara nhyɛ atadeɛ a ɛmu yɛ duru. ɛhia sɛ awofoɔ

hyɛ wɔn mmofra ntadeɛ a ɛmu yɛ duru ne ɛkyɛ. Fua nso bɛhyɛ enti

hyɛnkani biara nhwɛ yie wɔ kwan so. Wonhu w’anim nkɔ akyire pii; bɛyɛ

abasam(u) aduasa pɛ. Hyɛnkani biara nsɔ ne kaar kannea nsi so. Awia nnɔn

du mienu bere no osu bɛtɔ enti so worepue a, fa kyiniiɛ anyɛ saa nsuo

bɛbo wo. Osu no te a, mununkum bɛsi enti ewiem bɛyɛ wunu kakra.

Bɛyɛ  nnɔn miɛnsa ne fa no, awia bɛbɔ enti awofoɔ ne wɔn mma bɛtumi

akɔ abɔnten akɔdi agorɔ nanso nnɔn nson bere no nsuo bɛsan atɔ. Wei

bɛma ewiem ayɛ awɔ kakra. Nnɔn nwɔtwe bere no bosome ne nsoromma

bɛpue ma ewiem ayɛ fɛ.

 

?

Lesson Note

Student Notes

Ewiem ho nsɛnhia bi (Some expressions about the weather)

Twi

English

Awia rebɔ

The sun is shinning

Awia rehye me

The sun is beating (burning) me

Awia retɔ

The sun is setting

Fua ahyɛ

It’s foggy

Awɔ de me

I feel cold

Awia repue

The sun is rising

Ahuhuro/ɛhye de me

I feel hot

Mframa rebɔ

The wind is blowing/It’s windy

Ahum retu

It is stormy

Osu abo me

The rain has beating me

Mununkum asi

It is cloudy

Osu retɔ

Rain is falling (It is raining)

Osu no ate

The rain has stopped

Asukyerɛma ntɔ wɔ Ghana

Snow does not fall in Ghana

Awia ano yɛ hye

The sun is hot

Nnoɔma atwa yεn ho ahyia

Environment (things around us)

Bosome apue

The moon is shinning

Grammar Notes

KASA MMARA OYIKYERε (DETERMINERS)

Determiners in Akan like those in English language always occur with nouns to express semantic contrasts such as quantity or number. In Akan, the determiner is in most cases the last item on the noun phrase. The nouns come before them. Determiners may identify a thing or a person. They can be specific or non-specific and can indicate positive or negative proximity. Examples are bi, no, ko, binom, eyinom, yei/wei, biara.

 

1. bi (some/ a certain): It can be used for both animate (person) and inanimate (things)

 

 Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)

 

  1. Ewiem ɔhwɛsofoɔ bi bɛba ha ɔkyena. 
  2. Osu kεseε bi bεtɔ.
  3. Awia dennen bi bɛbɔ benada
  4. Mmotia mframa bi bεtu.
  5. Osuani no wɔ aduane bi.   

The underlined are the nouns (plus adjectives) in the sentences. When the noun has an adjective the determiner goes after the adjective.

 

2. no (the): It is used to identify the noun. Most of the time, it is not used with proper nouns.  

 

Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)

 

  1. Dan no yε fε.
  2. Papa no redidi. 
  3. Osuani no tena adwa no so. 
  4. Asubɔnten no yε kεseε.
  5. baa no wɔ sika pii   

3. ko (that): It is used for both animate and inanimate. It is rare to use it with proper nouns.

 

Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)

 

  1. Nipa ko mmra mu
  2. Aduro ko a wonommeε no nyε
  3. Sukuu ko a wokɔ no yε paa
  4. Osuani ko no nkɔ fie
  5. Ade ko no nyε koraa.

 

4. binom (some): It is used for animate nouns. For inanimate nouns, we use the singular bi but the plural is identified from the noun that precedes it.

 

Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)

 

  1. Nnipa binom nni sika
  2. Mmofra binom wɔ sukuu nwoma pii.
  3. Akyerεkyerεfo binom nkyerε Twi
  4. Me nnamfo binom nni sika
  5. ɔbaa no maa asuafoɔ binom nwoma

 

5. biara (every/each): It is used for both animate and inanimate nouns.

 

Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)

 

a. Dan biara wɔ *ahyεnso                        *sign/address

b. *Onyame maa nipa biara **nyansa     *God   **wisdom

c. Twi osuani biara bεkɔ Ghana

d. Kasa biara wɔ mmara

e. Kyerεkyerεni biara maa osuani biara sika

 

6. yei/wei/yi (this): Used for both animate and inanimate nouns.

 

Nhwesoɔ (Examples)

 

  1. Atadeε wei/yei yε fε.
  2. ɔbaa yei yε me yere
  3. Osuani yei sua Twi
  4. Ankaa yei *aporɔ(w)              *rotten
  5. ɔkɔ sukuu yei.

 

7. yeinom/weinom (these)

a. Mmaa yeinom yε me nuanom

b. Asuafoɔ yeinom sua Twi

c. Aduane yeinom yε dε paa

d. Akyerkyerεfoɔ yeinom nni sika.

e. ɔde maa mmofra yeinom.

 

Lesson Exercise

    Nsɛmmisa

    1. Hwan na ɔrekasa yi? .................................................................................................
    2. ɔrekasa firi he? ...........................................................................................................
    3. ɛdeɛn na ɔreka ho asɛm yi? ......................................................................................
    4. Adɛn enti na ɛwɔ sɛ hyɛnkani biara hwɛ yie? ...................................................................
    5. Kyerɛ ewiem nsakraeɛ a ɔkasafoɔ no se ɛbɛsi ɔkyena ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    6. Nsεmmisa:

       

    7. Hwannom redi nkɔmmɔ?

    8. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

       

    9. Asεm bεn na εreba? ……………………………………………………………………….

    10.  

    11. εdeεn na εwɔ sε nipa biara yε? ……………………………………………………………….

    12.  

    13. Mmotia mframa kyerε sεn? ……………………………………………………………………

    14.  

    15. εdeεn na asesa wɔ wiase? ……………………………………………………………………..
    16.  

    . Fa nsɛm a adidi so yi yɛ woankasa wo ɔkasamu (Use the following words in forming sentences of your own)

    nsoromma.............................................................................................................................

    mmotia mframa....................................................................................................................

    nyankontɔn ..........................................................................................................................

    binom...................................................................................................................................

    ɔkasafo................................................................................................................................

    basabasa...............................................................................................................................

    ewiem...................................................................................................................................

    ahum.....................................................................................................................................

    ahuhuro................................................................................................................................

    ewiem hye ...........................................................................................................................

     

    2. ɔkasamu a adidi soɔ yi adi afora. Hyehyɛ no yie. (The following sentences are jumbled up. Rearrange the correctly).

    a. bɛyɛhye ewiem ɔkyena ..........................................................................................................

    b. Kofi de ahuhuro.......................................................................................................................

    c. kɛseɛ mframa bɛtu bi .............................................................................................................

    d. koraa ɔpɛbere ntɔ nsuo ..........................................................................................................

    e. enti bɛbɔ awi nyankontɔn ato ................................................................................................

    f. nnora bɔɔ paa awia .................................................................................................................

    g. asuafo de awɔ wɔn binom ......................................................................................................

    h. asukɔtwea pii wɔ Amɛreka tɔ ..............................................................................................

    i. nsuo mmofra binom abo .........................................................................................................

    j. nsesaeɛ pii ewiem wɔ ............................................................................................................

     

    Sesa Twi ɔkasamu a adidi soɔ yi kɔ borɔfo (Change the following Twi sentences to English)

    Akuafoɔ binom mpɛ ɔpɛbere koraa ...................................................................................

    Awɔ de yɛn kyerɛkyerɛni ..................................................................................................

    Osu retɔ nanso ahuhuro de asuafoɔ no ..............................................................................

    Nyankontɔn ato enti awia rebɛbɔ ........................................................................................

    Nsuo tɔɔ pii nnnora ..............................................................................................................

    Ahum bɛtu na osu nso atɔ .................................................................................................

    Asukyerɛma ntɔ wɔ Ghana .................................................................................................

    Ewiem yɛ hyɛ paa ɛnnɛ ......................................................................................................

    Ghanafoɔ binom mpɛ awɔ ..................................................................................................

    ɛyɛ ɔpɛbere enti asubɔnten nyina awewe………………………………………………………….

     

    Sesa borɔfo ɔkasamu a adidi soɔ yi kɔ Twi (Change the following English sentences to Twi)

    It is sunny but it is cold.........................................................................................................

    It rains a lot in the rainy season............................................................................................

    Some Ghanaian like cold weather........................................................................................

    I saw a rainbow appear yesterday.........................................................................................

    It will rain tomorrow and lightening will strike.....................................................................

    There will be tornado tomorrow............................................................................................

    We did not go to NY because it rained..................................................................................

    The meteorologist says the weather will be rough.................................................................

    The wind will be strong in the evening..................................................................................

    It will be foggy on Tuesday...................................................................................................

     

    ɛdeɛn na ɛrekɔ soɔ wɔ mfoni yi mu? (What is going on in these pictures?)The first picture has been done for you.

    Fa oyikyerɛ a adidi soɔ yi mu deɛ ɛfata wie ɔkasamu koro biara (Use the appropriate determiner to complete each of the sentences below) (no, bi, binom, wei/yei, ko, biara)

    Nnipa ........................... nyɛ adwuma

    ɔbarima ........................ reba ha.

    Ankaa ........................... nyɛ koraa

    Papa no wɔ ɔkraman fɛɛfɛ ............

    Abofra ............. mmra mu

    Nipa ................. wɔ ti(ri).

    Wie saa *nyehyɛpono ...........                         *table

    Nyankontɔn kɛseɛ ......... ato

    Osuani ............... bɛdi pizza

    Dua ............... si dan no akyi.

     

     

    Task: Fa no sε woyε ewiem ɔhwεfoɔ. Twerε deε ewiem bεyε ɔkyena (Imagine you are a meteorologist. Write down the weather conditions that will happen tomorrow).

    Nsεmmisa:

     

    Hwannom redi nkɔmmɔ?

    …………………………………………………………………………………………………

     

    Asεm bεn na εreba? ……………………………………………………………………….

     

    εdeεn na εwɔ sε nipa biara yε? ……………………………………………………………….

     

    Mmotia mframa kyerε sεn? ……………………………………………………………………

     

    εdeεn na asesa wɔ wiase? ……………………………………………………………………..

     

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